The Battery Management System
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by: berg0101a
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Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 Time: 5:53 AM
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What Is Battery Management System?
A Battery Management is an electronic system that monitors, manages and provides data on a rechargeable battery. From a simple passive regulator across cells, which can bypass charging current when the cell voltage reaches a certain level, to active regulators that can turn on a load when required so that the battery achieves a balance in both cases, BMS technology offers a wide range in complexity and performance.
Categories Of BMS Topology
Modern BMS technology by and large, falls in 3 categories - centralized distributed and modular. In centralized, a single controller is connected to the battery cells through a series of wires. The distributed type has a BMS board attached to each cell, while the modular type consists of a few controllers, each managing a group of cells. The centralized BMSs are the cheapest; they are also the least expandable; and have a multitude of wires, producing what is referred to as the spaghetti effect. Distributed BMSs, on the other hand, are easiest to install with no spaghetti effect, but are also the most expensive. The desirable features of the other two BMS topologies are combined in the modular BMS.
The Major Functions Of The BMS
Monitoring, reporting data and protection are the key objectives of BMS. It monitors the state of the battery with respect to operational parameters like voltage, temperature, charge level, air and current flow as well as overall condition of the battery. Further, the BMS can also calculate and report data such as Charge Current Limit (CCL), Discharge Current Limit (DCL), total energy delivered from date of manufacture, and also the total operating time since manufacture.
Typically, a battery has a safe operating limit. The BMS protects the battery by ensuring that it works within its safe operating area which includes factors like over-current, over-voltage during charging, under-voltage during discharging, over or under-temperature and over-pressure. The BMS has an internal switch which opens if the battery begins to operate outside its safe mode. The BMS may also instruct the devices attached to the battery to reduce or terminate use if the battery exceeds its safety limits. In addition to these, the BMS also has the facility to control the environment with devices such as heaters, fans or air conditioning.
Isabellenh¨¹tte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG also manufactures a whole range of resistors including Current and Electrical SMD Resistors, High Precision Resistors, Hybrid Mounting Resistors, and Low Ohm Resistors. They are pioneers in SMD-mOhm current-measuring shunt and have set high standards in this technology. Their product series in low-impedance precision resistors have set international standards and satisfies the highest demands.
About the Author
Isabellenh¨¹tte Heusler GmbH & Co. KG Eibacher Weg 3-5, D-35683 Dillenburg P.O. Box 14 53, D-35664 Dillenburg Tel: +49 (0)2771 / 934-0 Fax: +49 (0)2771 / 2 30 30 E-Mail: info@isabellenhuette.de http://www.isabellenhuette.co Heusler GmbH & Co. KG is a company rich in tradition. Its roots stretch back over 500 years in metal smelting and processing. Batterymanagement System in automobiles.
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